NR 508 Adverse Drug Reactions
1. Which of the following patients would be at higher risk of experiencing adverse drug reactions (ADRs):
a) A 32-year-old male
b) A 22-year-old female
c) A 3-month-old female
d) A 48-year-old male
Answer. A 3-month-old female
2. Infants and young children are at higher risk of ADRs due to:
a) Immature renal function in school-age children
b) Lack of safety and efficacy studies in the pediatric population
c) Children’s skin being thicker than adults, requiring higher dosages of topical medication
d) Infant boys having a higher proportion of muscle mass, leading to a higher volume of distribution
Answer. Lack of safety and efficacy studies in the pediatric population. NR 508 Adverse Drug Reactions.
3. The elderly are at high risk of ADRs due to:
a) Having greater muscle mass than younger adults, leading to higher volume of distribution
b) The extensive studies that have been conducted on drug safety in this age group
c) The blood-brain barrier being less permeable, requiring higher doses to achieve therapeutic effect
d) Age-related decrease in renal function
Answer. Age-related decrease in renal function
4. Immunomodulators such as azathioprine may cause a delayed adverse drug reaction known as a type D reaction because they are known:
a) Teratogens
b) Carcinogens
c) To cause hypersensitivity reactions
d) Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis suppressants
Answer. Carcinogens. NR 508 Adverse Drug Reactions.
5. Digoxin may cause a type A adverse drug reaction due to:
a) Idiosyncratic effects
b) Its narrow therapeutic index
c) Being a teratogen
d) Being a carcinogen
Answer. Its narrow therapeutic index
6. James has hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression from chronic prednisone (a corticosteroid) use. He is at risk for what type of adverse drug reaction?
a) Type B
b) Type C
c) Type E
d) Type F
Answer. Type B. NR 508 Adverse Drug Reactions.
7.A patient may develop neutropenia from using topical Silvadene for burns. Neutropenia is a(n):
a) Cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
b) Immune complex hypersensitivity
c) Immediate hypersensitivity reaction
d) Delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Answer. Cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
8.Anaphylactic shock is a:
a) Type I reaction, called immediate hypersensitivity reaction
b) Type II reaction, called cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
c) Type III allergic reaction, called immune complex hypersensitivity
d) Type IV allergic reaction, called delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Answer. Type I reaction, called immediate hypersensitivity reaction. NR 508 Adverse Drug Reactions.
9. A 24-year-old male received multiple fractures in a motor vehicle accident that required significant amounts of opioid medication to treat his pain. He is at risk for a _____ adverse drug reaction when he no longer requires the opioids.
a) Rapid
b) First-dose
c) Late
d) Delayed
Answer. Late. NR 508 Adverse Drug Reactions.
12.An example of a first-dose reaction that may occur includes:
a) Orthostatic hypotension that does not occur with repeated doses
b) Purple glove syndrome with phenytoin use
c) Hemolytic anemia from ceftriaxone use
d) Contact dermatitis from neomycin use
Answer. Orthostatic hypotension that does not occur with repeated doses
13.Drugs that are prone to cause adverse drug effects include:
a) Diuretics
b) Inhaled anticholinergics
c) Insulins
d) Stimulants
Answer. Insulins
14.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration MedWatch system is activated when:
a) There is an adverse event to a vaccine.
b) The patient has a severe reaction that is noted in the “Severe Reaction” section in the medication label.
c) A lactating woman takes a medication that is potentially toxic to the breastfeeding infant.
d) An adverse event or serious problem occurs with a medication that is not already identified on the label.
Answer. An adverse event or serious problem occurs with a medication that is not already identified on the label. NR 508 Adverse Drug Reactions.
15.The Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System is:
a) A mandatory reporting system for all health-care providers when they encounter an adverse vaccine event
b) A voluntary reporting system that health-care providers or consumers may use to report vaccine adverse events
c) Utilized to send out safety alerts regarding emerging vaccine safety issues
d) Activated when a vaccine has been proven to cause significant adverse effects
Answer. A voluntary reporting system that health-care providers or consumers may use to report vaccine adverse events