Lab 2: Structure and Function of Cells BIO201L
Pre-Lab Questions:
1. Identify the major similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
• Similarities: Both have DNA, Ribosomes, Vesicles, and Vacuoles.
• Differences: Eukaryotes have nucleus membrane bound organelles. Eukaryotes are larger. Eukaryotes undergo mitosis while prokaryotes divide by binary fusion.
2. Where is the DNA housed in a prokaryotic cell? Where is it housed in a eukaryotic cell?
• Prokaryotic Cell – Throughout the cytoplasm
• Eukaryotic Cell – Nucleus
3. Name three structures which provide support and protection in a eukaryotic cell.
• Three structures which provide support and protection in a eukaryotic cell: Cell wall, Microfilaments and Microtubules.
Experiment 1: Cell Structure and Function
Post-Lab Questions
1. Label each of the arrows in the following slide images:
A- Chromosomes
B- Nucleus. Lab 2: Structure and Function of Cells BIO201L.
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2. What is the difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum is just that, rough. They have ribosomes on the surface whereas smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not have ribosomes making it smooth.
3. Would an animal cell be able to survive without a mitochondria? Why or why not?
• The mitochondria simply put is the “power house”. Without the power there is no energy for organelle function.
4. What is the function of a lysosome?
• Lysosomes and their enzymes aide in destruction of worn cellular parts. Their main function is engulfing of cellular contents.
Experiment 2: Exploring Cell Size. Lab 2: Structure and Function of Cells BIO201L.
Record the cell radius and time to center of the cell in Table 2. Then, calculate the
surface area, volume, and surface area:volume ratio (equations provided below).
Table 2: Surface Area and Volume in Relation to Cell Size
Post-Lab Questions
1. Create a graph of the time to the center of the cell as a function of the surface area:volume ratio.
2. How did the surface area affect diffusion to the center of the cell? What about volume? What about the surface area-to-volume ratio?
• Diffusion is affected by the surface area, the larger the area the longer the rate of diffusion. When the cell increases in size, the volume increases faster than the surface area because volume is cubed where surface area is squared. When there is more volume and less surface area, diffusion takes longer and is less effective. When there is more volume and less surface area there will be a larger surface area to volume ratio.
3. How does this experiment demonstrate the need for larger cells to divide?
• This experiment demonstrates the need for larger cells to divide so that their surface area to volume ratio can be larger.
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Pre-Lab Questions
1. Identify three major similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
2. Where is the DNA housed in a prokaryotic cell? Where is it housed in a eukaryotic cell?
3. Identify three structures which provide support and protection in a eukaryotic cell. Lab 2: Structure and Function of Cells BIO201L.
Experiment 1: Identifying Cell Structures
Post-Lab Questions
1. Label each of the arrows in the following slide image: Identity A,B,C,D
2. What is the difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
3. Would an animal cell be able to survive without mitochondria? Why or why not?
3. What could you determine about a specimen if you observed a slide image showing the specimen with a cell wall, but no nucleus or mitochondria?
4. Hypothesize why parts of a plant, such as the leaves, are green, but other parts, such as the roots, are not. Use scientific reasoning to support your hypothesis.
Experiment 2: Create a Cell
Post-Lab Questions
1. What cell structures did you place in the plant cell that you did not place in the animal cell?
2. Is there any difference in the structure of the two cells?
3. What structures do cells have for support in organisms that lack cell walls?
4. How are organelles in a cell like organs in a human body?
5. How does the structure of a cell suggest its function? List three examples.
6. In the table below, list the items you used to represent the various organelles in your ANIMAL cell. Provide a brief rationale explaining why you selected each item.s Code (located on the lid of your lab kit): Click here to enter text. Lab 2: Structure and Function of Cells BIO201L.
Pre-Lab Questions
1. Identify three major similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Click here to enter text.
2. Where is the DNA housed in a prokaryotic cell? Where is it housed in a eukaryotic cell?
3. Identify three structures which provide support and protection in a eukaryotic cell.
Experiment 1: Identifying Cell Structures
Post-Lab Questions
1. Label each of the arrows in the following slide image:
Structure
Identity
2. What is the difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
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3. Would an animal cell be able to survive without mitochondria? Why or why not?
4. What could you determine about a specimen if you observed a slide image showing the specimen with a cell wall, but no nucleus or mitochondria?
5. Hypothesize why parts of a plant, such as the leaves, are green, but other parts, such as the roots, are not. Use scientific reasoning to support your hypothesis. Lab 2: Structure and Function of Cells BIO201L.
Experiment 2: Create a Cell
Post-Lab Questions
1. What cell structures did you place in the plant cell that you did not place in the animal cell?
2. Is there any difference in the structure.