Neurology Nursing exam
1) Which procedure involves the surgical removal of a blood clot from a brain artery?
a) Diskectomy
b) Craniotomy
c) Laminectomy
d) Thrombectomy
Answer: d) Thrombectomy
Explanation: A surgical thrombectomy involves making an incision into a blood artery. The clot was removed, and the blood vessel was restored. This restores blood circulation. In some circumstances, a balloon or other device may be placed inside the blood vessel to keep it open. Neurology Nursing exam.
2) Which drug is used as a muscle relaxant to treat spasticity in conditions like cerebral palsy?
a) Levodopa
b) Phenytoin
c) Baclofen
d) Gabapentin
Answer: c) Baclofen
Explanation: Baclofen, a muscle relaxant, relieves spasticity and muscle stiffness by acting on spinal cord and brain receptors. Neurology Nursing exam.
3) Which antipsychotic medication is sometimes used to manage symptoms of Huntington’s disease?
a) Risperidone
b) Haloperidol
c) Olanzapine
d) Quetiapine
Answer: b) Haloperidol
Explanation: Medications such as haloperidol, tetrabenazine, and amantadine are particularly effective in managing the abnormal movements associated with Huntington’s disease. Haloperidol and tetrabenazine can effectively mitigate hallucinations and delusional ideas. Individuals with Huntington disease frequently experience depression and are at an increased risk of suicide. These symptoms can be treated with antidepressants and antianxiety medicines. Neurology Nursing exam.
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4) Multiple sclerosis primarily affect which part of the nervous system?
a) Peripheral nerves
b) Autonomic nervous system
c) Enteric nervous system
d) Central nervous system
Answer: d) Central nervous system
Explanation: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory illness that impacts the central nervous system. It is marked by inflammation, the breakdown of myelin (demyelination), the growth of scar tissue (gliosis), and the loss of neurons.
5. Which of the following is a genetic disorder that affect the nervous system and leads to progressive brain disorder?
a) Huntington’s disease
b) Alzheimer’s disease
c) Epilepsy
d) Migraine
Answer: a) Huntington’s disease
Explanation: Huntington’s disease is a hereditary disorder characterized by progressive dysfunction and death of brain cells. It impacts the cells in certain regions of your brain that control voluntary movement and memory. Typical symptoms encompass involuntary movements and alterations in cognition, conduct, and personality.. Neurology Nursing exam.
6) Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is most commonly used to treat which condition?
a) Multiple sclerosis
b) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
c) Parkinson’s disease
d) Spinal cord injury
Answer: a) Parkinson’s disease
Explanation: Individuals suffering from severe motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease that are not effectively managed by medicine may find some relief with a treatment known as deep brain stimulation. Deep brain stimulation necessitates the surgical insertion of a diminutive conductor, known as an electrode, into the brain. The electrode administers electrical stimulation to inhibit the nerve signals responsible for tremors. Neurology Nursing exam.
7) Which drug is a common treatment for Parkinson’s disease?
a) Metformin
b) Levodopa
c) Furosemide
d) Omeprazole
Answer: b) Levodopa
Explanation: Levodopa is taken up by the neurons in the brain and converted into dopamine, a neurotransmitter that facilitates communication between the regions of the brain and nerves responsible for controlling movement. Elevating dopamine levels by the administration of levodopa typically enhances motor impairments.
8) Which structure in the brain is responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
a) Cerebral aqueduct
b) Ventricles
c) Basal ganglia
d) Choroid plexus
Answer: d) Choroid plexus
Explanation: The choroid plexus epithelial cells secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by a mechanism that involves the movement of Na(+), Cl(-), and HCO(3)(-) ions from the bloodstream to the brain’s ventricles.. Neurology Nursing exam.
9) Which surgical intervention is used to treat hydrocephalus by diverting fluid from the brain to another area of the body?
a) Craniotomy
b) Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
c) Laminectomy
d) Diskectomy
Answer: b) Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Explanation: Ventriculoperitoneal shunts are surgically inserted to address hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus occurs when cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fails to properly drain from the ventricles, which are the hollow areas within the brain. VP shunts facilitate the drainage of excessive fluid and aid in the prevention of elevated pressure within the brain. Neurology Nursing exam.
10) Which process involves the reabsorption of neurotransmitters by a neuron after they have performed their function in the synapse?
a) Synaptic delay
b) Synaptic cleft
c) Reuptake
d) Depolarization
Answer: c) Reuptake
Explanation: Reuptake refers to the process by which a neurotransmitter is taken back up into a transporter located on the plasma membrane of an axon terminal or glial cell after it has completed its role in sending a neural impulse.. Neurology Nursing exam.
11) Which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with the reward system in the brain?
a) Serotonin
b) Acetylcholine
c) Dopamine
d) Glutamate
Answer: c) Dopamine
Explanation: Dopamine is a neurochemical produced within the brain that functions as a neurotransmitter. Essentially, it functions as a chemical mediator between neurons. The release of dopamine occurs when the brain anticipates a reward. When you develop a connection between a specific activity and enjoyment, simply looking forward to it can be sufficient to increase dopamine levels. It could be a specific type of cuisine, sexual activity, retail therapy, or any other activity that brings you pleasure. Neurology Nursing exam.
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12) which medication is an NMDA receptor antagonist used to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease?
a) Donepezil
b) Memantine
c) Galantamine
d) Rivastigmine
Answer: b) Memantine
Explanation: Memantine belongs to a category of drugs known as NMDA receptor antagonists. It functions by reducing atypical brain activity. Memantine has the potential to enhance cognitive function and memory, or even delay the decline of these capacities, in those diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that gradually impairs memory, cognition, communication, and daily functioning. Neurology Nursing exam.
13) Which part of the brain regulates homeostasis, including temperature, hunger and thirst?
a) Thalamus
b) Hippocampus
c) Hypothalamus
d) Cerebellum
Answer: c) Hypothalamus
Explanation: The cerebrum envelops the thalamus, which serves as a central hub for coordinating sensory and motor transmission. The hypothalamus is located at the base of the thalamus. The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating body temperature and controlling the sensations of hunger and thirst. The organism releases many hormones that aid in the regulation of homeostasis. Neurology Nursing exam.